Review on Amprobot an Assistive Robotic Arm for Amputee Patients
Arpita Walwatkar1, Drishti Chandwani1, Namrata Sheikh1, Sanket Puttewar1,
Yogesh Pachdhare1, Anil Bavaskar2
1Students, Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Jhulelal
Institute of Technology, RTMN University, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
2Assistant Professor, Faculty of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering,
Jhulelal Institute of Technology, RTMNU, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
*Corresponding Author E-mail:
ABSTRACT:
In this paper, an aim has been set to prepare a literature review based on the development and the production of robotic prosthetic arm for amputee patients. As written in 2011 census, the population with disabilities were approx. 2.68 crore, which accounts for 2.23% for the total population. In India, various companies like M/s. TTK Healthcare Limited and organizations like the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) working on developing advanced prosthetic technologies and considerable R and D has been involved in the development and deployment of robotic arms and advanced prosthetic solutions for amputees. However, the implementation of these studies is yet to be enforced in the Indian Market to the best level. Thus, there was a huge gap between Study and its Practical usage. Research and results have been produced for many single segments explaining various factors to be considered for Robotic Arm. However, to date, very few attempts have been made to practically implement and optimize the overall design. The various different articles and their processes are studied thoroughly.
KEYWORDS: Amputee patient, Easy accessibility, Robotic Arm, Circuit.
1. INTRODUCTION:
In the realm of medical technology, the convergence of robotics and neurology has yielded remarkable advancements, opening up new avenues for improving the lives of amputee patients. One such groundbreaking innovation is the development of a robotic arm specifically designed for amputee patients, operated through brain signals. This project represents a pivotal step forward in the field of assistive technology, offering hope and independence to individuals who have lost their limbs. By harnessing the power of brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) and the precision of robotic technology, this project aims to restore mobility and dexterity to amputee patients, enhancing their quality of life in unprecedented ways.
The central premise of this project is to create a sophisticated robotic arm system that can be directly controlled by the patient's neural signals. It integrates cutting-edge technologies in brain computer interfacing, and biomechanics, allowing users to intuitively manipulate the robotic arm with their thoughts. This innovation holds immense potential for amputee patients, offering them the chance to regain essential functions, perform daily tasks with ease, and even pursue more ambitious goals such as playing musical instruments or engaging in hobbies they were once passionate about. The combination of neuroscience and engineering has the potential to redefine the boundaries of what is possible for amputee patients, providing them with newfound freedom and a sense of empowerment.
This project, at the intersection of medical science and robotics, not only showcases the potential to transform the lives of amputee patients but also highlights the remarkable synergy between human ingenuity and technological progress. By emphasizing the fusion of neuroscience and engineering, it underscores the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration in creating solutions that bridge the gap between physical disability and human aspirations. Through this research, we embark on a journey to unlock new horizons for amputee patients, bringing us one step closer to a future where technological innovation truly makes a difference in the lives of those in need.
Below discusses many groundbreaking studies where various individuals with amputee limbs were able to control a robotic arm using neural signals from their brains. The authors talk over the development and implementation of this software-hardware interface technologies, highlighting its potential to restore independence and mobility to individuals with motor impairments.
They have developed “Lio” a Mobile Robot platform which is designed for human & robot interaction and personal care tasks in healthcare facilities. It operates autonomously with safety features, including collision detection and compliant motion control. Equipped with various sensors, it navigates safely and has ROS integration for sensor data access. Lio's appearance is friendly, ensuring acceptance. It operates autonomously, recharges automatically, and complies with privacy requirements. Additionally, it adapted for COVID-19-related tasks.
The proposal suggests enhancing telehealth systems to function as human caregivers, enabling remote monitoring of patients' health status while supporting their independent living at home. The system aims to cater to various scenarios, from routine clinical assistance to emergency situations like epidemic outbreaks such as COVID-19. By employing a multi-agent architecture, specifically the beliefs-desires-intentions model, the system allows robots to autonomously select and execute appropriate plans for different situations. Medical assistants can remotely intervene, such as adjusting therapies or providing patient support, with the system facilitating communication and validation of actions by physicians.
The paper describes a robotic system designed to push elevator buttons autonomously. The system consists of a wheeled robot with a robotic arm mounted on top. The robotic arm is supplied with a micro-camera for image processing and pattern recognition. Using these techniques, the robot can recognize numbers or signs indicating elevator buttons. The inverse kinematics method is then employed for calculation of the angles regarding each link of the robotic arm needed to press the preferred button accurately. By integrating image processing process, pattern recognition provided, and motion control of arm, the robot successfully accomplishes the task of pushing elevator buttons.
One of the critical challenges in this area is improving the precision and accuracy of brain signals in controlling the robotic arm. Current research aims to enhance signal processing techniques and neurofeedback mechanisms to ensure that the prosthesis precisely mimics the user's intended movements. Additionally, the development of lightweight and intuitive robotic arm designs is essential to promote practical adoption among amputees. Despite the significant strides made in recent years, there is still a need for further research into the long-term usability and adaptability of brain-controlled robotic arms for amputees, as well as the potential ethical and psychological considerations of integrating such technology into the lives of patients.
Furthermore, addressing the issue of affordability and accessibility is crucial to ensure that this technology can benefit a wider population of amputees. Researchers are also investigating ways to establish more robust cybersecurity measures to protect the sensitive data transmitted from the brain to the robotic arm. While challenges persist, the rapid progress in this field is undeniable, and it holds great potential for amputee patients seeking to regain lost limb function and improve their overall quality of life. The literature review enables us to have a comprehensive overview of the present state of development and underscores the need for continued efforts in this exciting and transformative field.
Found that a neural interface system enabled some people with long distance tetraplegia to be able to control a robotic arm and perform actions like grasping movements using signals from a small group of motor neurons present inside muscle. One participant even managed to drink water from the bottle. While not as rapidly or precisely as able-bodied individuals, the study shows a little potential for people with paralysis to be able to regain control of complex devices directly from neural brain signals, even years after injury.
The authors highlight recent advances in robot technology and present a theoretical process, analyzing it’s strengths as well as weaknesses. Research efforts are primarily directed towards enhancing robot stiffness to mitigate vibration effects and improve machining accuracy. These advancements are categorized into several research fields including process modeling and control, workspace optimization, redundancy of analysis, like vibrating analysis, and new designs for machining improvement.
When building a robotic arm for an amputee patient which utilizes brain and muscle signals involves a fusion of various technologies and advances from neuroscience, robotics, and signal processing.
• Brain-Computer Interface (BCI):
EEG (Electroencephalography) sensors placed on the hand to record electrical activity of the brain from muscles.
Signal Processing Algorithms are used to decrypt the intention of the user via EEG signal.
The system is used to recognize specific brain patterns associated with different arm movements.
• Electromyography (EMG):
EMG sensors are placed on muscles of the amputated limb to detect muscle activity.
Signal processing algorithms to interpret muscle signals and extract important features.
• Robotic Arm Control:
Actuators and motors help to control the activity of the robotic arm.
The hardware part translates desired arm movements into the servo motor commands. Real-time control algorithms to ensures a smooth and accurate transit tiion of the robotic arm.
• Safety:
Emergency stop mechanisms are needed to stop the robotic arm in case of unforeseen action or errors.
• Accessibility:
Design considerations to ensure the system is easy to set up, use, and maintain. Portable components to allow users to use the system in different environments or locations as needed.
• Testing and Validation:
Precise testing procedures are conducted to evaluate the safety, reliability, and performance of the system under various conditions.
Clinical trials are to be involved amputee patients to assess the system's effectiveness in real-world situations and gather feedback for future improvements.
By using mixture of advanced signal processing technique and robotic technology such a system can provide amputee patients with a powerful means of controlling and utilize a robotic arm using their brain and muscle signals, ultimately enhancing their independence and quality of life.
We connected the robotic arm at the shoulder it successfully given a desire motions. The arm is moving in all directions according to human brain signals.
1. Mišeikis J, Caroni P, Duchamp P, Gasser A, Marko R, Mišeikienė N, et al. Lio-a personal robot assistant for human-robot interaction and care applications. IEEE Robot Autom Lett. 2020; 5(4):5339–46. doi: 10.1109/LRA.2020.3007462.
2. Lanza F, Seidita V, Chella A. Agents and robots for collaborating and supporting physicians in healthcare scenarios. J Biomed Inform. 2020; 108:103483. doi: 10.1016/j.jbi.2020.103483.
3. Wang WJ, Huang CH, Lai IH, Chen HC. A robot arm for pushing elevator buttons. In: Proceedings of SICE Annual Conference 2010. IEEE; 2010l; 1844–8.
4. Leigh R Hochberg, Daniel Bacher, Beata Jarosiewicz, Nicolas Y Masse, John D Simeral, Joern Vogel, Sami Haddadin, Jie Liu, Sydney S Cash, Patrick van der Smagt, John P Donoghue. In Nature 2012 May 16; 485(7398):372-5 doi: 10.1038/nature11076.
5. Perez-Ubeda, Rodrigo & Gutiérrez, Santiago and Zotovic Stanisic, Ranko. (2018). A Study on Robot Arm Machining: Advance and Future Challenges. 0931-0940. 10.2507/29th.Daaam.Proceedings.134.
|
Received on 17.05.2024 Accepted on 14.06.2024 © EnggResearch.net All Right Reserved Int. J. Tech. 2024; 14(1):51-53. DOI: 10.52711/2231-3915.2024.00007 |
|